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Malus niedzwetskyana
''Malus niedzwetskyana'', or Niedzwetzky's apple, is treated as a distinct species by some botanists.〔 while others have sunk it as a synonym of ''Malus pumila'' Miller.〔〔 It is distinguished from most other apples by its red-fleshed fruit, red skin, and red flowers. The tree is found in China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. It is rare, often growing as an isolated tree, and is endangered throughout its range by agricultural encroachment and logging operations.〔 Only 111 specimens of the tree are known to survive in Kyrgyzstan. The conservation group Fauna & Flora International is working to save and restore the species in that country, and has put ''M. niedzwetskyana'' on its endangered list, brought it under its Global Trees Campaign, and planted over 1000 saplings in area forests in 2010 and 2011〔〔
The tree was introduced to the West c. 1890 by Georg Dieck at the Zöschen Arboretum, Germany, who grew it from seed sent by the Russian lawyer and amateur botanist Vladislav E. Niedzwiecki living in exile in Turkestan; Dieck later donated specimens to the Späth nursery, which exported the tree to the USA c. 1896.〔Hansen, N. How to produce that $1000 premium apple, in Minnesota State Hort. Soc. (1900). ''Trees, fruits & flowers of Minnesota''. Vol. 28. 470-1. Forgotten Books, London, 2013. ISBN 9781153197953〕
==Description==
The tree is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, growing tall in the wild (<5 m under cultivation), with a globular crown and very dark purplish-brown bark. New shoots are dark purple, and leaves range from purplish when new to dark green when mature. In the spring it puts out intensely magenta-rose flowers that are up to 4 inches in diameter. The skin of the fruit is deep red to purple-red (sometimes with a bluish, waxy bloom) and the flesh ranges from light to bright red, with dark reddish-brown seeds.〔 The fruit is edible and not very tart, with dry, somewhat chewy, flesh.〔 In the Kashgar region of China near the Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan borders, it is known as 'kisil alma': 'red apple'.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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